OR

1 a state in northwestern United States on the Pacific [syn: Oregon, Beaver State]

2 a room in a hospital equipped for the performance of surgical operations; "great care is taken to keep the operating rooms aseptic" [syn: operating room, operating theater, operating theatre, surgery]

English

Pronunciation

• a UK /ɔː(ɹ)/, /O:(\r)/
• a US /ɔɹ/, /Or\/
• • Rhymes with: -ɔː(r)
• a GenAm /oʊɹ/,

Homophones

• awe (in non-rhotic accents)
• aw (in non-rhotic accents)
• oar
• ore
• o'er

Etymology 1

oþþe.

Conjunction

1. Connects at least two words, phrases, clauses, etc. that each could make a sentence true. In English, this is the "inclusive or." The "exclusive or" is "either...or".
2. Logical union of two sets of values. There are two forms, an exclusive or and an inclusive or.

Synonyms

• and/or

Translations

See also

• neither
• nor

Etymology 2

aurum via or.

Noun

1. The gold or yellow tincture on a coat of arms.

   • 1909: The metals are gold and silver, these being termed "or" and "argent". — Arthur Charles Fox-Davies, A Complete Guide to Heraldry
   • 1889: In engraving, "Or" is expressed by dots. — Charles Norton Elvin, A Dictionary of Heraldry

Alternative forms

Sometimes abbreviated as o. in heraldic contexts. Sometimes capitalized Or to distinguish use as a color from use as a conjunction.

Related terms

• Au qualifier chemical symbol for gold

Translations

Adjective

1. Of gold or yellow tincture on a coat of arms.

Synonyms

• gold

Translations

Basque

Noun

1. dog

Catalan

Etymology

from aurum.

Noun

1. gold

French

Pronunciation

• /ɔʁ/

Etymology 1

aurum.

Noun

fr-noun m

1. gold

Related terms

• orfèvre

Etymology 2

ha hora, alteration of hac hora.

Adverb

1. now, presently

Conjunction

1. yet, however

See also

Norwegian

Etymology

From ǫlr, órir

Noun

1. alder

References

Dokumentasjonsprosjektet}}

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From

Old English

Etymology

In logic and mathematics, or, also known as logical disjunction or inclusive disjunction is a logical operator that results in true whenever one or more of its operands are true. In grammar, or is a coordinating conjunction.

Definition

Logical disjunction is an operation on two logical values, typically the values of two propositions, that produces a value of false if and only if both of its operands are false. More generally a disjunction is a logical formula that can have one or more literals separated only by ORs. A single literal is often considered to be a degenerate disjunction.

Truth table

The truth table of p OR q (also written as p\orq (logic), p || q (in C-family languages in computer programming), or p + q (electronics)) is as follows:

Venn diagram

The Venn diagram of "p or q" (red is true)

Properties

The following properties apply to disjunction:

• associativity: a \lor (b \lor c) \equiv (a \lor b) \lor c

• commutativity: a \lor b \equiv b \lor a

• distributivity: (a \lor (b \land c)) \equiv ((a \lor b) \land (a \lor c))

(a \land (b \lor c)) \equiv ((a \land b) \lor (a \land c))

(a \lor (b \equiv c)) \equiv ((a \lor b) \equiv (a \lor c))

• idempotency: a \lor a \equiv a

• monotonicity: (a \rightarrow b) \rightarrow ((c \lor a) \rightarrow (c \lor b))

(a \rightarrow b) \rightarrow ((a \lor c) \rightarrow (b \lor c))

• truth-preserving: The interpretation under which all variables are assigned a truth value of 'true' produces a truth value of 'true' as a result of disjunction.

• falsehood-preserving: The interpretation under which all variables are assigned a truth value of 'false' produces a truth value of 'false' as a result of disjunction.

Symbol

The mathematical symbol for logical disjunction varies in the literature. In addition to the word "or", the symbol "\or", deriving from the Latin word vel for "or", is commonly used for disjunction. For example: "A \or B " is read as "A or B ". Such a disjunction is false if both A and B are false. In all other cases it is true.

All of the following are disjunctions:

A \or B

\neg A \or B

A \or \neg B \or \neg C \or D \or \neg E

The corresponding operation in set theory is the set-theoretic union.

Applications in computer science

Operators corresponding to logical disjunction exist in most programming languages.

Bitwise operation

Disjunction is often used for bitwise operations. Examples:

• 0 or 0 = 0
• 0 or 1 = 1
• 1 or 0 = 1
• 1 or 1 = 1
• 1010 or 1100 = 1110

The or operator can be used to set bits in a bitfield to 1, by or-ing the field with a constant field with the relevant bits set to 1.

Logical operation

Many languages distinguish between bitwise and logical disjunction by providing two distinct operators; in languages following C, bitwise disjunction is performed with the single pipe (|) and logical disjunction with the double pipe (||) operators.

Logical disjunction is usually short-circuited; that is, if the first (left) operand evaluates to true then the second (right) operand is not evaluated. The logical disjunction operator thus usually constitutes a sequence point.

Although in most languages the type of a logical disjunction expression is boolean and thus can only have the value true or false, in some (such as Python and JavaScript) the logical disjunction operator returns one of its operands; the first operand if it evaluates to a true value, and the second operand otherwise.

Union

The union used in set theory is defined in terms of a logical disjunction: x ∈ A ∪ B if and only if (x ∈ A) ∨ (x ∈ B). Because of this, logical disjunction satisfies many of the same identities as set-theoretic union, such as associativity, commutativity, distributivity, and de Morgan's laws.

Notes

• Boole, closely following analogy with ordinary mathematics, premised, as a necessary condition to the definition of "x + y", that x and y were mutually exclusive. Jevons, and practically all mathematical logicians after him, advocated, on various grounds, the definition of "logical addition" in a form which does not necessitate mutual exclusiveness.

See also

• Exclusive disjunction
• Affirming a disjunct
• Bitwise OR
• Boolean algebra (logic)
• Boolean algebra topics
• Boolean domain
• Boolean function
• Boolean-valued function
• Disjunctive syllogism
• Disjunction elimination
• Disjunction introduction
• First-order logic
• Logical graph
• Logical value
• Operation
• Operator
• OR gate
• Propositional calculus

External links

• Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry
• Eric W. Weisstein. "Disjunction." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource

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